Determination of the relation between breast milk bisphenol A concentrations and maternal nutrition

Çiftçi, S. Determination Of The Relation Between Breast Milk Bisphenol A Concentratıons And Maternal Nutritıon, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Programme of Nutrition and Dietetic, Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, Ankara, 2019. In the present study, which was conducted at Hacettepe University İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Department of Social Pediatrics with eighty healthy women participated who had healthy baby during lactating period, we aimed to examine bisphenol A (BPA) level in breast milk and maternal urine thus we can determine BPA exposure of mother and baby. General characteristics of the individual's questionnaire, twenty-four-hour recall food consumption record and food frequency questionnaire form was used and their height and weight measurements are taken. Mother milk and spot urine were collected from mothers. Mothers breast milk and urine BPA was determined by ELISA method. BPA exposure of mothers was calculated by both the amount of excretion in the urine as well as the data of 24 hours' recall food consumption record (24-hour recall method) and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) record. By the way, BPA exposure of infants was calculated based on breast milk intake level. The mean± S.D of BPA at the breast milk was found as of 0.6170 ± 0.3713 µg/L. BFA adjusted according to maternal urine creatinine mean± S.D value was 3.22 ± 5.11 µg/g creatinine. We found significant association between the type of soft beverage packaging type and breast milk BFA level (p=0.018). And we found significant association between breast milk BPA level and fast food consumption frequency (p=0.015). There was a statistically significant relationship between maternal urine BFA level and using equipment type for heating foods (p<0,001).Infant BFA exposure was 0.0099±0,0079 µg /kg bw /day. A statistically significant negative moderate correlation was found between baby BFA exposure and current weight of the baby (r=-0.3327, p = 0.003). There was a weak negative correlation between maternal urine creat-BPA level and the baby's gestational age (r = -0.223, p = 0.047) and birth weight (r = -0.243, p = 0.030). In addition, we estimated mean±S.D daily exposure of BPA based on urinary excretion volume was 0,050 ± 0,049 µg/ kg bw /day. Moreover, we calculated mean±S.D of BPA exposure due to 24-hour recall method 0.1745±0,1802 µg/ kg bw /day and for FFQ 0.9550 ± 0.2964 µg/ kg bw /day (p = 0,000). According to 24-hour recall method we found significant association between BPA exposure and educational status (p = 0.018), working status (p = 0.000), parity (p = 0.020) and fast food consumption frequency (p = 0.002). In addition, we found significant correlation between 24-hour recall method BPA exposure and drinking water (p = 0.000), milk (p = 0.002), pickles (p = 0.021), tomato paste (p = 0.021) and yoghurt (p = 0.016) packaging types. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the exposure determined by FFQ data and the current weight of the baby (r = -0.363, p = 0.002). In conclusion, maternal and infant BPA exposure were found under tolerable dietary intake (4µg / kg bw / day) recommended by EFSA. In our country according to this study, BPA exposure does not pose a health risk for mother and baby. However, considering the low dose effect of BFA, multicenter and follow-up studies are needed in our country.