The conceptualization of tashkiki predication from the ancient philosophy to Avicenna

Tashkiki predication states that, in general, a meaning is predicated gradually to the things it signifies, and specifically, considering that the example of the mushakkak word is existence, to the things that the meaning of existence signifies is predicated gradually, not equally. Therefore, when it comes to necessary and possible beings, the tashkiki nature of being has an important role in clarifying the difference between God and the universe. As a matter of fact, the concept of tashkik stands at a very important point in terms of logic, ontology and ultimately metaphysics studies. This study aims to outline the formation process of the mushakkak words and the tashkiki predication in the history of philosophy by examining the division of words and the types of predication in the Ancient period and in Islamic thought. In this context, the concept in question was traced in the texts of Aristotle and the Ancient commentators Porphyry, Alexander of Aphrodisias, Ammonius and Simplicius, and it was investigated whether this concept was used before Avicenna. Then, this study aimed to show where the tashkiki predication was systematically conceptualized by revealing the types of predication in Ancient period and Islamic thought.