The problem of freedom of expression and debate in the logic of Aristotle and John Stuart Mill

Freedom has always been a desired and desired value throughout history. Although it is divided into many different types, the most emphasized one is the freedom of expression and discussion due to its individual and social benefits. Our thesis is about the contribution of freedom of expression and discussion to the disclosure of truth. Because the freedom of expression and discussion and the rhetorical expression of thoughts and the confrontation of them with a dialectical method are methods of obtaining correct information, especially in the field of social sciences. Both Aristotle and John Stuart Mill argued that knowledge of the truth can be obtained with freedom of expression and discussion under a free social governance system. Although they tried to reveal the knowledge of an absolute certainty and unchangeable truth in the logical system they established, it was not possible to reach this desired absoluteness, especially in topics such as social relations, politics and morality. Because, as Aristotle and John Stuart Mill also accepted, in the fields referred to as social sciences, many opposing views can be put forward against the thoughts expressed as truth. Therefore, at this point, the need arises to change the views of the opponents with a dialectical discussion and rhetoric, to determine the truth and to reach a consensus on this truth. Both of our thinkers, who realized this need, evaluated the arts of dialectics and rhetoric as a method for obtaining knowledge that expresses the truth, especially in social sciences, within the freedom of expression and discussion.