The case study of Artvin people on migration trends and public perceptions

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics related to sociological and demographical migration trends of family members migrating from Artvin to Bursa in line with the assumptions of the current research. The socioeconomic analysis of the relationship among migration, urbanization and unemployment was investigated by using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. A questionnaire was utilized during the study. The gathered data were analysed via SPSS. The main problem subjected to the study is that the local people in Artvin have a tendency to migrate to different cities. Within the scope of these tendencies, hometown perceptions of the migrants in Bursa, among the most migration-receiving cities from Artvin, are examined. To this end, the sample group was formed depending on age, income and gender. The need for migration was investigated through the answers given to the questionnaire by the sample group of the study. This study seeks to answer these fundamental questions: "Which environmental and familial factors accelerate migration?", "What are the effects of geographical conditions on migration trends?", "What are the effects of income state on migration trends?", "What are the effects of social needs on migration trends?", "What kinds of problems do migrants face after their migration to Bursa?", and "What kinds of precautions can be taken for remigration?" The migrations are affected greatly by each other in terms of birthplaces, neighbourhoods, and villages. Especially, the people migrated to Bursa from close neighbourhoods and villages form a cluster in the areas where they migrated. This situation is closely related to the strength relationships of relatives and fellow citizens against the problems faced after migration. The unity among migrants paves the way for their adaptation to the new settlements. Furthermore, it is observed that more than half of the people migrating from Artvin are active population in working age. It is also found that economic reasons are the most important factors of the migration from Artvin to Bursa. The results of the field work carried out in Bursa show that most of the families are in the form of nuclear families. The reason behind this fact is that some of the migrants firstly migrate to Bursa for finding a job and then they marry. It is seen that current professions of migrants are similar to their professions after their migration. Also, it is seen that there is an increase in rate of retirees and workers because of some changing conditions. There is a balance between the migrants' professions and their level of education and incomes. It is found that the migrants are graduated from mainly primary and high schools. In addition, the number of university and college graduates is very high. Depending on the profession and education, the number of the people having average or above average income is also very high. The rate of finding a job after migration has increased. Although remigration happens to be seasonal, it is supposed to lead to a definite turn in later times. Indeed, some of the participants assert that they want to go back their villages when they retire. The elimination of reasons, triggering the migration in rural areas as in the case of Artvin, will prevent migration. This can be accomplished through the increase in employment. Keywords: Migration, Urbanization, Unemployment, Family Migration