Investigation of antigenotoxic effects of extracts from some species of the asteraceae family against pesticide genotoxicity

In this study, the genotoxic effect of the fungicide Fluazinam, which is frequently used in agricultural areas, and the antigenetoxic effects of Cyanus depressus (M.Bieb.) Soják and Tussilago farfara L. plants were determined by using Allium and SMART (Somatic Mutation and Recombination) methods. In the Allium method, onion root tips were exposed to Fluazinam, C. depressus and T. farfara extracts for 24 and 48 hours. Fluazinam was applied with plant extracts for 24 hours. As a result of the treatment, chromosome abnormalities were determined, mitotic index, micronucleus frequency and genotoxicity frequencies were calculated. In Fluazinam, C. depressus and T. farfara treatments, genotoxicity index increased with increasing concentration compared to the negative control group and was found to be significant (p≤0.05). In the mixture applications of Fluazinam, C. depressus and T. farfara, plant extracts decreased the genotoxicity against the genotoxic effect of Fluazinam concentration and this decrease was found to be significant (p≤0.05). In SMART method, 72 ± 4 hours old transheterozygous larvae obtained from the standard cross of mwh males and flr3 virgin females were treated with the determined concentrations of Fluazinam, C. depressus and T. farfara. Wing preparations of adult Drosophila were made and clone induction frequencies and clone types were analysed. In the SMART experiment, it was determined that the clone induction frequency decreased at Fluazinam concentrations compared to the negative control and did not show (-) genotoxic effect in terms of total number of spots or the genotoxic effect was insignificant. There was no statistically significant difference (p≥0.05) in the total number of clones in C. depressus concentrations between the negative and solvent control and the highest concentration, but the difference between the other experimental groups was significant (p≤0.05). In terms of the total number of spots, it was observed that there was no genotoxic effect at the concentrations determined in all experimental groups compared to the negative control. In the evaluation of the concentrations of T. farfara, it was observed that it showed (+) genotoxic effect at all concentrations in terms of total number of spots compared to the negative control. The differences between the negative control group and the experimental groups and between the experimental groups were statistically significant (p≤0.05). It was determined that the co-application of Fluazinam and plant extracts did not show (-) genotoxic effect or the genotoxic effect was insignificant at the concentrations determined in terms of total spot number compared to the negative control.