Energy policy of the European Union and Brexit

While energy sources are not distributed equally to the earth, energy production is not evenly occurring worldwide. The total energy production volume of 9263 million tonnes in 1995, has reached 13764 million tonnes as of year 2016. The European Union, consisting of 28 member States, is the only block that the energy production has declined in the last two decades (967 million tonnes as of 1995, 759 million tonnes as of 2016). As a member of the EU, the United Kingdom has changed its position from a self-sufficent country of energy production, to a country that imports the energy it needs. As of 2016, the UK's import dependence was 35.3%. Both the United Kingdom and the European Union have faced two fundamental challenges in the recent period: The first is the inability to meet the growing demand for energy with its own resources. The latter are uncertainities arising from the process of transferring the UK's decision to withdraw from membership. And these uncertainties are the implications of the United Kingdom energy markets, the European Union's internal energy markets and the European Energy Union, which cannot be fully calculated. The purpose of this study is to analyse the EU's energy policy by associating it with the UK's decision to withdraw. The first section of this three-part study is dedicated to the energy flow on a global scale, the second part to the structure of the energy policy at the European Union level, and the third part to the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the membership and its impacts on the energy markets.