Obtaining some marine biomaterials and using as biosorbent

In this study, collagen was obtained from the invasive sea urchin Diadema setosum and alginate from the brown macroalgae Sargassum vulgare. The resulting alginate and collagen, alginate and AC1 (2:1), and AC2 (3:1) beads were prepared. These biomaterials obtained in this study, it is aimed to remove Pb (II) from the aqueous solution, which is toxic to aquatic organisms and human health. In the removal studies, the effects of biosorbent dosage, pH, contact time and initial solution concentration, which affect the biosorption mechanism, on the biosorption efficiency were investigated. In the study carried out to determine the effect of biosorbent amount, Pb (II) biosorption efficiency increased with increasing biosorbent amount and reached the highest biosorption efficiency with 92.64%, 87.08%, and 88.68%, respectively, at 0.75 g biosorbent dosage. At pH 3, 4 and 5, the removal efficiencies were 67.92%, 71.16% and 76.52% for alginate, 53.48%, 48.96% and 48.52% for AC1, and 61.08%, 55.52% and 58.44% for AC2, respectively. As the time of alginate beads increased, fragmentation occurred was observed. No degradation was observed in the AC1 biosorbent, and as the time increased, the size of the AC1 beads increased (swelled). However, structural fragmentation was observed in alginate beads. In addition, changes in size and shape were detected. Removal of AC1 bead was determined as 2.44 ppm, 6.96 ppm and 24.96 ppm for 100, 200 and 300 ppm, respectively. The removal rates were calculated as 96.2%, 96.52% and 91.68%, respectively. It was determined that AC1 beads were the least deformed biosorbent in this experimental stage, as in the other experimental stages. For this reason, it has been determined that AC1 biomaterial can be a potential biosorbent candidate for the removal of Pb (II) from wastewater containing Pb (II) under acidic conditions. In addition, chitin and chitosan were obtained from the testa and spines of the invasive sea urchin D. setosum, and it was aimed to integrate this invasive sea urchin into the economy by producing alternative biomaterial materials. Thus, in addition to obtaining collagen from D. setosum, which is not consumed and has no economic importance, useful bio-materials were obtained from its testa and spines. As a whole, although different biomaterials that can be used in different fields are obtained, a complete living thing has been processed with different methods and used in the production of biomaterials with almost no waste. In addition, the possibility of bringing these different biomaterials to the economy has been revealed. This situation will not only provide income to the country's economy, but also allow the formation of different business lines in the future, and will ensure that the population pressure of the sea urchin on endemic species using similar habitats will be controlled ecologically. This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-2211/C National PhD Scholarship Program for Priority Areas), Council of Higher Education (100/2000 PhD scholarship program) and Iskenderun Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordinatorship (2021LTP-03).