Morphological, genetic and technological definition of some sweet corn genotypes

In this study, 59 sweet corn inbred lines were used. These lines were examined morphologically with the characters determined by UPOV(The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants), molecularly using 16 SSR[Simple Sequence Repeats] primers and technologically by protein, starch, fat and total sugar analysis. Cluster analyzes were performed with the results of morphological and molecular evaluations and two main groups were determined. It was observed that these two main groups consisted of su (normal sweet corn) type and sh (super sweet corn) type sweet corn lines. It has been revealed that the variation with 23 UPOV characters can be expressed by principal component analysis (TBA) performed on the observed morphological characters. As a result of molecular analysis studies, the number of alleles for SSRs loci ranged from 2 to 12, and the mean number of alleles was found to be 5.56. According to the molecular and morphological similarity matrix values, the 8 lines farthest from each other were subjected to half-diallel hybridization to perform biometric genetic evaluations. The trial with hybrids and parents was established in Sakarya conditions in 2020 according to a partially balanced simple lattice trial design with 2 replications. The trial involving hybrids and parents was conducted in dublicate using partially balanced simple lattice trial design in Sakarya conditions in 2020. When the ratios between genetic variance components in biometric genetic evaluations of parents and hybrids are reviewed, while partial dominance is seen only in the number of rows on the cob character, the presence of the effect of superior dominance is understood in other characters. General Combination Ability (GCA) was found to be significant in all inspected characters. Special combination ability (SCA) was found to be significant in all other features except the ordinal number character on the cob. Average heterosis values were determined as positive in all characters, positive values were recorded in all characters except for the number of days of tassel flowering and kernel pericarp thickness in average heterobeltiosis values. In this study; the number of days of tassel flowering, plant height, first ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows on the ear, number of grains in the row, thousand kernel weight, kernel pericarp thickness, fresh ear yield and dry kernel yield characters as well as technological evaluation such as % oil, % starch, % protein and % total sugar values were examined. As a result, it has been revealed that the differentiation of su and sh types can be made in sugar corn breeding on the basis of morphological, molecular and technological values. Keywords: Inbred Sweet Corn Line, Half Diallel, Morphology, SSR Marker, Combination Abilty, Total Sugar