The efficiency of different culture media and explant type of some citrus rootstock on somatic embryogenesis

Callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were obtained in tendifferent Citrus genotypes [Citrus aurantium L. (cv `Tuzcu 891?), Citrus aurantium L. (cv`Tuzcu 31-31?), Citrus aurantium L. (cv `Gou Tou?), Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. (cv `AlanyaDilimli?), Citrus reshni Hort. ex.Tan. (cv `Cyprus Cleopatra mandarine?), Poncirus trifoliata(L) Raf (cv `Pomeroy?), Citrus sinensis (L) Osb. x Poncirus trifoliata (L) Raf. (cv `TuzcuM2 Citrange?), Citrus sinensis (L) Osb. x Poncirus trifoliata (L) Raf. (cv `CarrizoCitrange?), Citrus paradisi Macf. x Poncirus trifoliata (L) Raf. (cv `Swingle Citrumelo),Citrus volkameriana Tan.& Pasg. (cv `CRC 01 Volkameriana?) from cultures style and ovuleexplants.Explants were cultured on different culture media. The nutrients of Murashige andSkoog medium (MS) and Murashige and Tucker (MT) vitamins supplemented with 500 mg/lMalt Extract (ME), with 1mg/l 2.4D and three different concentration of BA (0, 0.5, 1 mg/l)were used for first year experiments. MS basal medium was used alone with ME and threedifferent concentration of BA (1, 2, 3 mg/l) for style explants for the second yearexperiment. MS nutrients and MT vitamins with ME were used alone and 2,4 D (1mg/l) andBA (0, 0.5, 1 mg/l) used for ovule culture experiment for the second year experiments.Sucrose was used as a carbon source (50g/l) for all experiments.The different genotypes showed different embryogenic frequency from style andovule experiments. Percentages of style explants producing somatic embryos ranged from0% (AREC Swingle Citrumelo, M2 Citrange, Volkameriana, Pomeroy trifoliate) to 100%(Gou Tou Sour Orange). Percentages of ovule explants producing somatic embryos rangedfrom 0% (Carrizo Citrange, Alanya Dilimli Sweet Orange, AREC Swingle Citrumelo) to100% (Tuzcu 891 and Cleopatra Mandarine). About 4 weeks later somatic embryosdeveloped into plantlets.Key words: Citrus, ovule culture, style culture, somatic embryogenesis, in vitro.