Comparison of healthcare access, health policy perception, and well-being among individuals living with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in the Republic of Benin

This study aimed to compare access to healthcare services, perceptions of health policies, and levels of well-being among individuals living with diabetes and those suffering from cardiovascular diseases in the Republic of Benin. The primary objective was to determine to what extent the type of chronic disease influences patients' access to healthcare, their perception of national health policies, and their overall quality of life. A cross-sectional, descriptive, and comparative design was adopted. Data were collected in 2024 from 408 participants residing in different regions of Benin, using a structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 183 individuals with diabetes and 225 with cardiovascular diseases. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 27.0.1, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The findings revealed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of access to healthcare (p>0.05). Both diabetic and cardiovascular patients reported similar challenges such as limited transportation, high treatment costs, and difficulties in accessing essential medicines. Regarding the perception of health policies, no significant difference was found either, although most participants perceived public health policies as insufficiently visible and minimally effective. In contrast, a statistically significant difference was observed in the dimension of well-being (p<0.05). Individuals with cardiovascular diseases reported higher levels of stress, anxiety, and restrictions in daily activities compared to diabetic patients. In conclusion, the results highlight the need for a more integrated and equitable approach to chronic disease management in Benin. Strengthening the visibility and local implementation of health policies, improving the geographical and financial accessibility of healthcare services, and developing psychosocial support mechanisms for chronic patients are crucial for building a more resilient health system. This study emphasizes the importance of a holistic health management model that combines biomedical, social, and economic dimensions in order to improve both access to care and the well-being of individuals living with chronic diseases.