Investigation of the relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and blood glucose and β-hydroxybutyric acid levels

In this research, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which was found to affect glucose and cholesterol metabolism, which is known to have functions in the immune system, increases β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), which occurs as a result of not meeting the increasing energy need with daily increased milk yield in the postpartum period due to unbalanced nutrition. In this regard, it was aimed to determine the relationship between glucose and BHBA levels and BDNF in ketosis, which is commonly seen in the third and fourth weeks after birth due to the negative energy balance that occurs as a result of the inability to meet the increasing energy needs of high-yielding dairy cows due to malnutrition, especially in the transition periods, and in cattle in the transition period. The study material consisted of 24 dairy cattle in total, including 12 healthy cows with high milk yields (Transitional Period Group) and 12 cows diagnosed with ketosis (Ketosis Group). Those whose BHBA levels were lower than 1 mmol/L in cattle in the Transition Period Group and higher than 1.4 mmol/L in cattle in the Ketosis Group were included in the study. Animals in the Transition Period Group were collected from the vena jugularis once on the 3rd, 15th, 30th and 45th days after birth, and animals in the Ketosis Group were duly collected from the vena jugularis into sterile glass tubes for biochemical analysis and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for hematological examinations. Blood samples were taken into tubes. Hematocrit values, total protein and fibrinogen levels were determined manually from blood samples taken into EDTA-containing tubes, glucose and BHBA levels were determined manually from blood samples taken at the bedside using a sugar/ketone measuring device, serum nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NEFA) and triglyceride levels were determined using a biochemical analyzer kit, BDNF levels were measured using a blood sample taken at the bedside. was determined on the ELISA reader using the BDNF ELISA kit, which is reactive for cattle. The SPSS statistical package program was used to evaluate the data. The average body temperature values of the Ketosis and Transition Period Groups on the 3rd, 15th, 30th and 45th days were 39.04±0.71, 38.50±0.60, 38.36±0.44, 38.38±0.51 and 38.53±0.64 ˚C, respectively; the mean heart rate values were 67.67±4.06, 76.50±4.44, 74.83±3.76, 76.67±2.31 and 77.17±1.80 pcs/min, respectively; the mean values of respiratory frequency were 22.83±4.69, 26.92±3.61, 30.25±1.36, 30.50±1.00 and 30.42±1.08 units/min, respectively; the average values of rumen movement were found to be 1.67±1.56, 9.67±1.67, 10.00±1.28, 10.17±0.94 and 10.83±1.12 units/5 min, respectively. There was no statistical difference in body temperature between the Ketosis Group and the Transition Period Groups, and there was a statistical difference of p<0.0001 in rumen movement in all groups, heart rate on the 3rd, 30th and 45th days, and respiratory frequency on the 15th, 30th and 45th days. has been seen. The average values of BHBA levels on the 3rd, 15th, 30th and 45th days of the Ketosis and Transition Period Groups were 2.6±0.88, 0.56±0.18, 0.41±0.14, 0.33±0.19 and 0.34±0.24 mmol/L, respectively; The mean glucose values were 36.17±13.40, 50.33±11.61, 53.75±7.01, 49.58±6.61 and 46.00±11.54 mg/dL, respectively; NEFA mean values were 0.84±0.46, 0.95±0.47, 0.75±0.35, 0.62±0.39 and 0.63±0.53, respectively; The mean triglyceride values were 7.21±1.40, 13.87±7.74, 17.16±6.30, 22.43±7.16 and 24.25±11.02 mg/dL, respectively; The mean values of total protein were 7.82±1.39, 6.97±0.50, 7.17±1.09, 7.53±0.54 and 7.45±0.70 g/dL, respectively; The mean fibrinogen values were 0.65±0.12, 0.68±0.18, 0.55±0.17, 0.58±0.18 and 0.50±0.22 mg/dL, respectively; The mean values of hematocrit were 30.25±5.10, 33.50±3.21, 32.83±3.24, 30.58±2.19 and 30.00±2.76%, respectively, and the mean values of BDNF levels were 0.22±0.09, 0.21±0.05, 0.21±0.05, 0.24±0.04 and It was determined as 0.19±0.05 ng/mL. While there was no statistical difference between the average values of total protein, fibrinogen, NEFA and BDNF levels on the 3rd, 15th, 30th and 45th days of the Ketosis Group and the Transition Period Groups, the statistical difference in BHBA levels was higher in the Ketosis group than in the other groups at p<0.0001. and triglyceride levels are seen to be low at p<0.0001. Although the blood glucose level was lower in the Ketosis Group than in all groups and the statistical difference was significant at the p<0.001 level on the 3rd, 15th and 30th days of the Transition Period Groups, and was lower than the average values on the 45th day, no statistical difference was found. Between glucose and BHBA (p<0.001, r=-0.577), heart rate (p=0.042, r=0.263) and rumen movement (p<0.001, r=0.462); BHBA has effects on triglyceride (p<0.001, r=-0.487), heart rate (p<0.001, r=-0.603) and respiratory frequency (p<0.001, r=-0.528), rumen movement (p<0.001, r=-0.847) and body temperature (p=0.010, r=0.330); Among NEFA total protein (p=0.025, r=-0.290); triglyceride between heart rate (p<0.001, r=0.496), respiratory frequency (p<0.001, r=0.541), rumen movement (p<0.001, r=0.487) and body temperature (p=0.004, r=-0.366); hematocrit value of total protein (p=0.024, r=-0.291); between body temperature and heart frequency (p<0.001, r=-487), respiratory frequency (p<0.001, r=-0.439) and rumen movement (p=0.015, r=-0.312); between heart rate and respiratory frequency (p<0.001, r=0.586) and rumen movement (p<0.001, r=0.667); While a correlation was detected between respiratory frequency and rumen movement (p<0.001, r=0.641), no correlation was detected between clinical examination findings and biochemical parameters and BDNF. As a result, in this study, biochemical parameters and BDNF concentrations were investigated in cattle in the transition period and diagnosed with ketosis, and no correlation was found between clinical examination findings, biochemical parameters and BDNF.