Comparison of the performance characteristics of sensor and biosensor developed for bisphenol-A determination

In this study, an electrochemical bisphenol A (BFA) sensor based on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) modified with carbon quantum dot (CQD), ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (IL), and gold nanoparticle (AuNP) was developed. The optimum amounts of these modification materials on the SPCE surface and the interactions of these materials were determined using the central composite design (CCD) method. BFA biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing tyrosinase enzyme (TyOx) on the sensor surface prepared with optimum surface composition. The electrochemical behavior of these sensor and biosensor was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In addition, the surface morphology of this (bio)sensor was determined using SEM and EDX methods. Optimum working conditions of sensor and biosensor were determined and then, a differential pulse anodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric method with the sensor and an amperometric method was developed with the biosensor for BFA determination. Considering the performance characteristics obtained by these methods, especially linear working ranges, sensitivities and detection limits, it was seen that they have superior or competitive properties compared to most of the BFA sensors and biosensors reported in the literature. Especially since the detection limits obtained in this study is lower than the safe limit value of 22 nM (50 µgL-1) recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for the release of BFA in plastics, it was predicted that the presented (bio)sensors could be successfully used in the determination of BFA amount in water samples stored in various plastics.