Investigation of biological fertilizer on plant development, yield and yield components of wheat under Şırnak ecological conditions

This study investigated the effects of biological fertilization on plant growth, yield and yield components on durum wheat (Triticum durum) in Şırnak ecological conditions. The experiment was established in Üçağaç village of Silopi district of Şırnak province in 2022-2023 according to a randomized block design with 3 replications and consisted of 18 plots. Edessa durum wheat variety was used in the study and three different bacterial strains enriched with nitrogen and phosphate (KF36B: Nitrogen fixing, KF3A: Nitrogen fixing, KF583: Nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing) and the combination of these strains (BMIX) were evaluated. As a result of the study, plant height was 62,8-81,4 cm, spike length was 5,4-6,7 cm, tiller number was 3-5, spike number per m² was 475-484, spikelet number was 11-17, grain number was 33-54, grain weight was 1,2-2,3 grams, thousand grain weight was 35-45 grams, grain yield was 366-390 kg, biological yield was 879,12-950,5 kg, hectoliter weight was 71,1-80,3 kg, harvest index was 0,35-0,44%. In this study, it was determined that different bacterial strains and combinations significantly affected the yield and quality characteristics of durum wheat. It has been proven that biological fertilizer applications are more sustainable and environmentally friendly than chemical fertilizer applications. The results show that biological fertilization is a promising approach for durum wheat production and sustainability in semi-arid regions such as Şırnak.