Evaluation of Bolu Gulezler Konagi in terms of design parameters which are effective in conservation of heating energy

When Turkey's different climate zones are examined, the dominance of the heating period is desired or not desired, has shaped the design of the buildings constructed in a region. Climate is the most important factor that determines the architectural character of the region. Geographical structure, distance from the sea, mountains and other features of the regions in Turkey, are produce the climatic character of the area. Each region has its own climatic character and plant cover. In different climate zones in Turkey, external climate factors such as outside air temperature, outside air movement, solar radiation and humidity varies. This change has affected the design phase of traditional buildings in the climate regions of Turkey. Turkey has a rich variety of climates, so the buildings in each region have built in accordance with the environmental conditions of the climate zone in which they are located. However, recently constructed buildings are being built with standardized reinforced concrete housing applications. The number of buildings that are not suitable to the climate of the region and have lost their traditional characteristics is increasing rapidly. Today, while environmental and energy problems are increasing, the energy consumed by buildings also causes environmental problems. In recent years, the energy used in the buildings has also increased because of the rapid increase in the number of buildings that are incompatible with the region's climate. The majority of the energy consumption in the buildings is the use of heating and cooling energy. Excessive fossil fuels used by buildings cause environmental problems. At the top of these problems is global warming. Major environmental problems causing global warming can be sorted as; • environmental pollution • carbon dioxide emissions • greenhouse effect • climate change For this reason, to supply energy conservation and maintenance of the sustainable environment, reducing heating and cooling energy costs have become necessary. Alternative sources of energy are needed to leave a cleaner and healthier environment for future generations. In this study, the traditional "Bolu Gülezler House" located in the cold climate region was evaluated in terms of design parameters which are effective in conservation of heating energy. The study consists of 5 chapters. In the first chapter, the purpose, scope and method of study are explained. The aim of the work is to guide the design of new buildings to build compatible with climate energy efficient building designs while preserving traditional residential properties. In this section, the content of thesis work is summarized in general. In the method of working, it is stated that Design Builder simulation program was used to model the Bolu Gülezler House and calculate the heating load, CO2 emission and heating energy during the desired heating period. In the second chapter, design parameters which are effective on the conservation of the heating energy, variables related to the users, parameters related to the climate and the parameters related to the building are described. Parameters related to the user are divided into two as; • parameters related to the user's quality and condition • physiological parameters The parameters related to climate are explained in terms of; • parameters related to internal climates • parameters related to external climates Parameters related to the building are expressed in accordance with; • location of building • orientation of buildings and bodies • building distances • building form • optical and the thermophysical properties of the building envelope In the third chapter, temperate humid, temperate dry and cold climate zones where the heat energy conservation is effective in Turkey are explained. Turkey is divided into five climate zones, as described below: • temperate humid climate region • temperate dry climate region • cold climate region • hot humid climate region • hot dry climate region The period in which heating is requested lasts longer in the temperate humid climate zone, temperate dry climate zone and the cold climate zone. In hot-humid and hot-dry climate regions, the period in which heating is required is very short. In the scope of this thesis, temperate humid, temperate dry and cold climate zones have been investigated in order to conduct an evaluation study in terms of conservation of heating energy. Design parameters which are effective on the conservation of the heating energy are described according to the characteristics of climate regions. In the fourth chapter, Bolu Gülezler House is evaluated in terms of design parameters which are effective on the conservation of the heating energy. Bolu province in the cold climate region is located in the western Black Sea of Turkey. Since Bolu is surrounded by forests, wooden materials gained importance in the buildings from past to present. Altough there is not many of them in the city center, today, Bolu houses with traditional architectural features are encountered. In this study, the traditional Bolu house was chosen for the evaluation of the conservation of the heating energy. Firstly, the design parameters belong to before and after reconstruction of Gülezler House (location of building, the orientation of buildings, building distances, building form, optical and the thermophysical properties of the building envelope) are determined. Depending on all these parameters, heating loads are calculated by modelling with the help of Design Builder simulation program. Then, depending on the heating loads, the pre and post reconstruction CO2 emission and the amount of fuel consumed by Gülezler House were calculated. Some scenarios have been developed by making improvements in the building envelope to minimize the calculated heating load and consequently CO2 emission and fuel consumption. Scenarios related to constituents of the building envelope, such as; • the opaque component of the building envelope • the roofing • flooring sitting on the floor • the transparent component of the building envelope have been developed. The heating loads of the developed scenarios, the CO2 emission and fuel consumption are calculated accordingly. After evaluation of all the scenarios, the alternative providing the least heating load is determined to create the optimum scenario. In line with the alternate scenario identified, heating load, the CO2 emission depending on heating load and the amount of fuel consumed are recalculated. Afterwards, comparasions are made by calculating heating energy costs of Gülezler House after reconstruction and optimum scenario. In the fifth chapter, the results of the thesis study were evaluated and in addition this, suggestions are made.