Political theories in contemporary Islamic legal thought (Specific to democracy)

Political theories face some fundamental problems; these problems cannot be easily overcome. These problems make it difficult to adopt these theories as they are in Islamic law. In this era, it is important to analyze political theories in depth and understand the relevant problems according to Islamic law. The most obvious and most striking system among political theories is undoubtedly democracy. Democracy is a system of government in which political power derives its legitimacy from the will of the people and this will is reflected through free and fair elections. The democratic system also suffers from many problems arising from its own nature and from its application in different societies. The problems involved include challenges such as political pluralism, fair political representation, minority rights, and political stability. Our thesis discusses the historical development of democracy and the problems it faces, the place of democracy in contemporary Islamic thought and within the Islamic administrative system, the conditions and problems necessary for it to take place in this thought system, and the views of advocates and opponents of democracy. The model of democracy is discussed in a comparative manner with the Islamic system of choice based on the people of solution and contract (Ahl al-ḥall wa'l-'aḳd). In addition, given the serious problems facing Western political theories, attention has been drawn to some solutions that may be compatible with Islamic values and principles. Key words: Modern Islamic Thought, Islamic Law, Political Theories, Democracy.