A comparative evaluation of the verses containing special provisions to the Prophet (PBUH) in Cesssâs' interpretation of Ahkâmu'l-Qur'ân

Allah Almighty has created mankind in the form of Ahsen-i calendar and sent them to the world for testing. He did not leave the human beings whom He chose as His caliphs alone in the world, but sent messengers from among themselves to show them the way to eternal happiness. He supported them with miracles against the difficulties they encountered while fulfilling their mission of preaching. The Prophet Muhammad (s.a.s), whom He sent as the last prophet, was given some privileges as well as responsibilities. There are many evidences in the Qur'an and Sunnah for these superiorities and virtues. The Prophet (s.a.s.) also stated in his hadiths that some actions are unique to him. Islamic scholars have named these excellences unique to the Prophet (s.a.s) as 'hasâis'. These virtues are described in detail in hadith, siyar and shamāil books. In this study, we have identified the verses related to Hasâis al-Nabî in Abu Bakr Ahmad b. 'Ali al-Razi al-Jassas' Ahkâm al-Qur'an, which is one of the important Islamic jurisprudence sources and referenced in the ahkam verses. By comparing these verses with the interpretations of other commentators, we have determined the wisdom of these provisions that are specific to the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). In our thesis, the comparative evaluation of the verses containing provisions specific to the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in Abu Bakr al-Jessās' Ahkām al-Qur'an was discussed. In the first part of our thesis, which we prepared as three main chapters, information was given about al-Jessās' life, the period he lived in, his personality, his scholarly personality, his teachers, his students and his works. The main subject of our thesis, Ahkām al-Qur'an, was mentioned about its characteristics, its sources, and the path that al-Jessās followed while exegeting the verses. In the second chapter, information about hasā'is was given. The concepts of delâil, fezâil, mu'jizât and shamâil, which are closely related to hasâis, were explained. The emergence of hasā'is, the works related to hasā'is, and the Divine judgements specific to the Prophet (s.a.s) grouped by the authors of hasā'is were mentioned. In the third chapter, which constitutes the main part of our thesis, the verses that were special to the Prophet (pbuh) that al-Jassas included in his exegesis of Ahkām al-Qur'an were identified and only these verses were exegeted. The Prophet's (s.a.w) consultation with the people of wisdom, not tormenting a community when the Prophet (s.a.w) is among them, the division of booty, the tahajjud prayer, showing respect to the Prophet (s.a.w), tahyir, that his wives' deeds will be rewarded with a double reward, and that the Prophet (s.a.w) will be rewarded with a double reward. The women who were made lawful for the Prophet (pbuh), his freedom in the division between his wives, the prohibition of marrying other women, and the most appropriate way of eliminating evil were analysed first from al-Jassas' commentary on Ahkām al-Qur'an and then from other tafsir books. From time to time, different interpretations and wrong ideas about the Prophet (s.a.s) were answered with these verses. The Prophet (pbuh) was tried to be recognised more accurately. Keywords: Ahsen-i Takvim, Prophethood, Khasais, Shama'il, Comparison, Jassas