Evaluation of farm manure, walnut shell wastes and lignite solid carbonization products and their mixtures in spinach and lettuce cultivation

The rapid increase in the world population affects the decrease in energy resources and increases the orientation to alternative energy resources. Biomass energy source is one of them. By using different pyrolysis methods, carbonization product in solid, liquid and gas form can be obtained from wastes. In this study, biochar obtained from walnut shells by using the slow pyrolysis method was preferred. In addition, lignite, farm manure, and chemical fertilizers were used as other soil materials. This study was carried out in the field conditions in Malatya Turgut Özal University Faculty of Agriculture Research and Application Garden in the spring (March-May) and autumn (October-December) periods of 2021, in a randomized block design with four replications each. The aim of this study is to different doses (U1, U2, U3, U4, U5, U6, U7, U8) of different materials (walnut shell biochar, lignite, farm manure, and chemical fertilizer) in vegetables consumed raw (lettuce) and cooked (spinach) in the Battalgazi district of Malatya province determining its effects. The study was evaluated separately as cultivation period and application. When the spinach plant is examined; It has been determined that the application with the highest green part weight and total yield is the U7 application in the spring and autumn periods. The application with the highest nitrate content was determined in the spring period U3 and in the autumn period U7 application. In addition, it was observed that all parameters were statistically significant in the spring period, and all other parameters were statistically significant in the autumn period, except for the chlorophyll amount and oxalic acid parameters. When the lettuce plant is examined; It was determined that the green part weight, total yield and nitrate contents were highest in the spring and autumn period of the U7 application. However, it was determined that all other parameters except dry matter ratio and oxalic acid parameters in the spring period were statistically significant, and in the autumn period, all other parameters were statistically significant except for the growth period, dry matter ratio, oxalic acid and calcium.