In-vitro and in-vivo investigation of D-erythro-MAPP and nanoparticle formulation of apoptosis-related death path in breast cancer cells

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in both men and women and has a high mortality rate. Although standard drugs and treatment approaches have been developed for the treatment of breast cancer, an agent that performs successful treatment and its application have not been developed yet. Ceramides mediate antiproliferative responses such as suppressing cell growth, triggering apoptosis and regulating senescence. Depending on the level of ceramide in the cells, the cells are directed to death or survival. The aim of this thesis study is to examine the cytotoxic, anticancer and antiproliferative properties of D-e-MAPP and D-e-MAPP SLN formulation, which are ceramidase inhibitors, in breast cancer in-vitro and in-vivo. The cytotoxic effect in MCF-7 cells was determined by the MTT test, cell death pathways were determined by annexin-V, cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential changes. Morphological changes were determined by confocal microscopy and fine structural changes were determined by transmission electron microscopy. Invasion, colony formation and wound healing effects on MCF-7 cells were also investigated. In addition, the changes on gene and protein expression levels were determined, a breast cancer model was established in BALB/c mice and the effects of D-e-MAPP and SLN formulation in tumor tissue were visualized by immunohistochemical marking, morphological changes were visualized by confocal microscopy and TEM microscopy, and protein expression levels were visualized by western blot examined.