Evaluation of experimental cryptosporidium parvum infected mice treatment with ginsenoside RH 2

It is often focused on medicinal plants to treat anti-parasitic infections with natural products. One of these herbs may be the ginseng plant, which is thought to be an alternative treatment for Cryptosporidiosis infection. The aim of this study is to be an herbal remedy and to anti-tumor, anti-hypertension, which, ginsenoide Rh2'in, which has been confirmed to have many therapeutic activities, including anti-viral and immune regulation, is to evaluate its anti-cryptosporidial activity. In this study, 50 male Balb-c mice, 3-4 weeks old and weighing 20 g, were used and divided into 5 groups. Group I (n=10): Negative control group (Healthy Group) no procedure was applied. Mice in groups II, III, IV and V (n=10) were immunosuppressed by giving dexamethasone in drinking water at a concentration equivalent to 0.25 μg/g/day for seven days.Mice in Groups II, III, IV and V were infected orally with the C. parvum strain obtained from infected calves using gastric gavage.Group II (n=10): No treatment was applied. After the infection was confirmed by the mZN staining method with the presence of at least 10⁴ oocysts in the microscopic field: Group III (n=10): The antiparasitic drug, halofuginone lactate, was administered orally at 100 µg/kg/day once a day (5 days). Group IV (n=10): Lyophilized Ginsenoside Rh2 (1mg/0.25mL) prepared using Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) was administered orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days. Group V (n=10): Lyophilized Ginsenoid Rh2 (2 mg/0.5 mL) prepared using DMSO was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days. Mice were weighed before the application during the experiment and their weights were recorded. Stools were collected daily. At the end of the experiment, the presence of oocysts in the stools of mice in the control group and the application groups, which underwent necropsy, was evaluated using mZN staining, while the intestines of the mice were examined histopathologically using the Hematoxylin-Eosin staining method. In the histopathological examination, different developmental forms of C. parvum were detected in the ileal tissues. Statistical analysis of the parameters between the groups was performed using One-Way ANOVA and multiple comparison test was performed. No oocyst excretion was detected at the end of treatment in all three treatment groups (Groups III, IV and V). The live weight gain of mice among the groups was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001) in Groups III, IV and V compared to Groups I and II during the treatment period. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups on the day the treatment started (Day T0). A statistically significant decrease was found in Group III and Group IV compared to Group 2 and Group V on Day T1. A statistically significant decrease was found in Group III, Group IV and Group V compared to Group II on Day T2, T3, T4 and T5. While a decrease in lesions in the ileal tissue and some epithelial edema were observed in the high and low dose treatment groups of halofuginone lactate and ginsenoide Rh 2, when the histopathological preparations of the ileal sections were examined, C. parvum oocysts and different development forms of C. parvum were observed on the villi. This study showed that Ginsenoide Rh2 and halofuginone lactate can have the same effect in microscopic evaluations of oocyst excretion after treatment in mice. It was concluded that Cryptosporidiosis was successfully treated with Ginsenoide RH2 administered orally for 5 days at doses of 50 mg/kg/day and 100 mg/kg/day in mice infected with C. parvum strain. However, it was determined by the presence of the agent that C. parvum did not affect all developmental stages in ileal tissues. It was observed that Ginsenoide Rh2 was not 100% effective in the treatment of Cryptosporidiosis. Keywords: Ginsenoside Rh2, Cryprosporidium parvum, Mice