The effect of gas hydrate on energy geopolitics within the framework of sea power theory

The struggle for power in the arena of international relations has always been the focal point for states. It is well known that this power struggle is intensified when it comes to energy geopolitics. The seas, as a domain where energy geopolitics is most intense, have become the battleground for states. Alfred Thayer Mahan, the prominent figure associated with naval power, outlined the framework for maritime dominance with his theory of sea power. The theory's significance is evident in shaping the direction of American foreign policy, and it is equally recognized that many states prioritize this theory in their foreign policy-making processes. The concentration of energy geopolitics in maritime regions highlights that energy security is intrinsically linked to maritime power. Throughout history, various energy resources have gained popularity, and maritime power has been instrumental in the transportation and protection of these energy resources, including coal reserves. Even after the industrial revolution, coal reserves, one of these energy sources, were transported and protected with the use of coal-powered ships, further emphasizing the importance of maritime power in connection with fossil energy sources. The rise of powerful states has often coincided with their utilization of successive fossil fuel resources.Consequently, the pursuit of energy resource reserves in maritime areas has brought maritime jurisdictional issues to the forefront in energy geopolitics. Gas hydrates, one of the fossil energy sources found in the seas, possess the potential to cause tensions between states over the issue of maritime jurisdictions. While gas hydrates present opportunities as unconventional fossil fuels for energy-dependent states due to their potential, the complexity of seabed studies prompts states to engage in collaborative efforts through joint projects. Keywords: Alfred Thayer Mahan, Sea Power Theory, Maritime Dominance, Energy Geopolitics, Gas Hydrate