Evaluation of extended spectrum beta-lactamase- and metallo-beta-lactamase- type resistance enzymes in enterobacteriaceae from wild and farming fishes

In the past years, the waterborne diseases caused by pathogens has yielded financial losses in the fishery sector. Therefore, antibiotics have been widely used against bacterial infections. However, antibiotic resistance against these therapeutic agents is increasingly becoming important for food safety and public health. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae from both farmed and wild-fish from different regions in Turkey. In this study, a total of 100 samples (55 sea and 45 farming) from Turkish seas and lakes was collected. After pre-enrichment and inoculation on beta-lactamase selective media, presumptive isolates were characterized by Vitek® MS. Phenotypic Screening and MIC determination of β-lactamases were performed by disc-approximation testing and Micronaut-S beta-lactamase VII kit (Merlin) and Software (Sifin) according to the CLSI Guidelines. The results revealed that a total of 7 isolates was recovered. Of them, 4 ESBL-producers (3 Eschericia coli and 1 Enterobacter cloacae/asburiae) were obtained from wild-fish. On the other hand, a total of 2 ESBL-producers (1 Eschericia coli and 1 Citrobacter freundii ) were from fish-farming. Also, 1 Pseudomonas putida from fish-farming was positive for MBL production. This study is the first report on the occurrence of ESBL and MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae from wild and farmed-fish in Turkish sea-area and Sapanca Lake. In conclusion, wild and farmed-fish were contaminated with ESBL and MBL-producing enterobacteria, and presented a risk for the customers. Major reasons may possibly be due to contamination of environment with pollutants including resistant bacteria, and off-and excess use of antibiotic agents in fish-farming.