Long term retrospective evaluation of marginal bone loss in dental i̇mplant associated with local and systemic factors

The aim of this study is to examine the relation between the marginal bone loss which is a significant criteria for the long term success of dental implants with demographic, systemic and clinical datas. This study was made over the patients who recieved implants between the dates 01.01.2008 and 30.12.2010. A total of 304 patients who recieved at least one implant (male: 119, female: 185) with an averagea ge of 54 years, rehabilitated with 1126 implant was evaluated. The patients who have less than 3 years follow-up period were not included in this study. Data including medical history, age, sex, parafunctional habits, periodontal health, implant surface type, surgical procedures, prosthetic type, implant failure were obtained through the chart review. Follow-up radiographes of the patients were taken. Radiographic crestal bone level changes were calculated comparing the post implant radiographes and follow-up radiographes. Clinical plaque index and oral hygiene level were recorded. The success rate of implant was calculated as % 98.3. With respect to proximal bone levels, mesial and distal bone loss from surgical placement to follow-up period was 0.42±1.03 mm mesially with the minimum value 0 mm and the maximum value 8.69 mm and 0.42±1.02 mm distally with the minimum value 0 mm and the maximum value 7.65 mm. Systemic conditions such as cardiac diseases, gastric diseases, hypertension, osteoporosis, diabetes type II, allergy, tyroid, ASA condition (p˃0,05) did not affect marginal bone levels where as patients who had hysterectomy showed significant high level marginal bone loss (p=0.001). It was observed that there is no relation between the marginal bone loss and gender (p=0,520) but the bone loss level at the age of 40-59 was significantly high (p=0,044). Implant diameter and brand, immediate replacement of the implant do not affect the level of marginal bone loss statistically (p˃0,05). Implant length and location, implantation methods (submerged, non-submerged) and type of prosthesis affect bone loss rates (p˂0,05). Smoking and intraoral factors such as history of periodontal diseases and poor oral hygiene affect marginal bone loss significantly. (p=0.001, p=0.012, p=0.039, p=0.035). This study shows that periodontitis history or existence, smoking, hygiene, abrasion, implant lenght and surface type, implantation methods (submerged, non-submerged), prosthetic type, hysterectomy and age are the significant causes of the marginal bone loss.