The concept of state and security: Analysis of England and Russia in terms of realism and the Copenhagen School

By examining the concepts of state and security, this study endeavored to examine the phases they passed through over time. Since the concept of state and security has been developed for the basic needs of human beings such as shelter and protection since the first periods of history, the main focus of the two concepts has been determined as human. The place and importance of the state institution, which we consider the main actor, in the establishment of national security, which expresses the nation and its security, which people have formed by becoming a conscious community, has been mentioned. It has been acted on with the idea that state and security, that is, two concepts, develop and continue their existence in a cycle that is intertwined with each other. The point of view is that the state provides security, and the security of the state establishes the continuity of security. In order to analyze and interpret the approach of states to security, international relations theories have been tried to be used, and among the theories, the state-oriented Realism theory, which we have the most suitable guiding features for our subject, and the Copenhagen School school, which we believe play an important role in the in-depth analysis of the issues related to the concept of security, have been tried to be assimilated. By making an effort to observe the practical examples of these two approaches in terms of England and Russia, which have two deep-rooted state traditions, it has been concluded that the Copenhagen School school is more suitable for our approach to security. Finally, answers were sought to questions about how the state's security could be established.