Dissimulation and survival: A comparative inquiry into the motivations, implications, and problems of identity concealment among Shi'i, Ahmadi, and Sufi Muslims

The topic of dissimulation, in thought and practice, sparks debate and controversy among Muslims. Different perspectives exist on how Shi'a, Ahmadi, and Sufi Muslims define, interpret, criticize, and apply dissimulation to their beliefs. This study digs into the reasons behind why these groups practice dissimulation and how they justify it within the context of Islamic teachings on hypocrisy and sincerity. Drawing upon social identity theory, rational choice theory, identity theory, and others, this research aims to construct a conceptual framework that explains the motivations behind the practice of dissimulation by these Muslim groups. I argued that dissimulation should be viewed as a strategic tool employed for purposes of social integration, safety measures, and the preservation of identity. Through interviews with 15 participants representing Shia, Ahmadi, and Sufi groups and an exploration of existing literature in this area, this study challenges dominant perceptions surrounding dissimulation. The findings of this research suggest that dissimulation goes beyond being simply hypocritical or insincere; rather, it emerges as a strategic and diplomatic tool for navigating one's sense of self within social and political contexts. The insights gained from this research call for a reevaluation of how we understand the concept of dissimulation.