Molecular determination of some resistance and virulance genes in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different clinical sources in Di̇yala (Iraq)

To identify the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples, 150 samples from various clinical sites, including urine, burn, and wound, were collected for this study. Vitek II technology, traditional biochemical and culture tests were used to isolate P. aeruginosa. According to the P. aeruginosa antibiotic resistance analysis of the Vitek II system, 100% (n=40) of the isolates were Ciprofloxacin, 87.7% (n=35) Ticarcillin, 87.7% (n=35) Ticarcillin/Clavulanic Acid, 75% (n=30) Piperacillin, 60% (n=24) Piperacillin/Tazobactama, 72.5% (n=29) Ceftazidime, 57.5% (n=23) Cefepime 87.7 (n=35) Imipenem, 70% (n=28) Amikacin, 55% (n=22) Gentamicin, 75% (n=30) Meropenem, 30% (n=12) were resistant to Tobramycin and 25% (n=10) to Colistin. All of the isolates showed the ability to form biofilms. According to PCR amplification results, algD, pelF and pslD genes were found in 50%, 40% and 25% of P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. Different silver nanoparticle concentrations (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 μg/ml) were used to investigate the effect of AgNps on MIC and P. aeruginosa isolates. The results showed that the 4 μg/ml concentration had the highest efficacy. In this study, RT-PCR method was used to examine the effects of AgNPs on P. aeruginosa isolates, since the algD gene is more dominant in P. aeruginosa isolates. Mean ΔCT (23.72±0.85) and (18.32±0.61) levels of algD expression were obtained before and after treatment with AgNPs. Also, ΔΔCT values were found as (-0.32±0.85) and (-5.1±0.61)