Tingidae (Hemiptera) species and their parasitoids and predators in agricultural and non-agricultural areas of Diyarbakir, Mardin and Elaziğ provinces and the determination of the biology and population development of species that cause serious damage

In this study, Tingidae (Hemiptera) species and their parasitoids and predators in agricultural and non-agricultural areas of Diyarbakır, Mardin and Elazığ provinces and the biology of Monosteira lobulifera Reuter and population development of Monosteira unicostata (Mulsant & Rey) and M. lobulifera which cause serious damage on poplar, willow and almond respectively.This study was conducted between 2009 and 2011. In the study, visual inspection and shaking method were used to monitor the population development and to determination of tingids and predator species; culture process is applied to determination of parasitoids. The biology of M. lobulifera examined at 25 ± 1 º C temperature, 65 ± 5% RH and 16:8 (L: D) illumination under laboratory conditions.As a result of the study, a total of 23 tingid species belonging to 12 genera were determined. namely, Tingis seidenstueckeri Péricart and Tingis sinuaticollis Puton, are first records for Turkish fauna. It was determined that the most abundant tingid species in the working area was M. unicostata on almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch), willow (Salix sp.) and poplar (Populus sp.) trees, by the 41,90 %.19 species belonging to Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), 2 species belonging to Anthocoridae (Hemiptera), 1 species belonging to Lygaeidae (Hemiptera), 2 species belonging to Miridae (Hemiptera), 1 species belonging to Nabidae (Hemiptera), 1 species belonging to Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), 1 species belonging to Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) and 2 unidentified species belonging to Erythraeidae (Acarina) families were determined as natural enemies of tingids. Egg parasitoid Erythmelus (Paralellaptera) teleonemiae (Subba Rao) (Hymenoptera; Mymaridae) which hatched from eggs of M. lobulifera was determined as first record for Turkish fauna.In the study, during the oviposition period M. lobulifera females laid an average 89,79±45,90 eggs per female and egg hatching ratio was 76,92 %. M. lobulifera completed egg hatching 9,39±0,81 day. The development periods of nymphs for five stages were found 2,10±0,35; 1,93±0,34; 1,83±0,30; 2,06±0,30 and 2,83±0,33 days respectively. The mortality rate of nymphs for five stages were found 7,32 %; 15,78 %; 3,12 %; 3,22 % and 0,00 % respectively. Adult female and male longevity 27,51±7,58 and 23,82±8,1 days were found respectively. Preoviposition, oviposition and postoviposition periods in 4,55±1,05; 20,93±7,16 and 2,03±1,59 days respectively at 25±1 ºC and 65±5 % RH. Female:male ratio was found as 0,87 (46,67 %):1,00 (53,33 %).In the study, the adult population density of M. lobulifera that causes serious damage on almond showed high level in Merkez and Yeşilli (Mardin) district and showed low level in Çermik district (Diyarbakır). The adult population density of M. unicostata that causes serious damage on poplar and willow trees showed high level both poplar and willow in Merkez and Mazıdağı (Mardin).