Turkey's energy and security strategies in the Eastern Mediterranean: The role and importance of Cyprus

This thesis examines the geopolitical competition triggered by the discovery of hydrocarbon resources in the Eastern Mediterranean and analyzes Turkey's energy and security strategies at the center of this rivalry. By evaluating the region's historical background, geostrategic importance, and the main factors shaping power struggles, the study demonstrates that energy resources have become not only economic assets but also key components of national sovereignty, maritime jurisdiction, and security policies. Within this framework, Turkey's "Blue Homeland" doctrine, drilling and seismic exploration activities, diplomatic initiatives, and military deterrence strategies are assessed through a holistic perspective. The research focuses on the geopolitical, energy, and security significance of the Island of Cyprus for Turkey and emphasizes the decisive role of cooperation with the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in Turkey's Eastern Mediterranean policy. Maritime jurisdiction and licensing agreements signed with the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus are evaluated as strategic steps that reinforce Turkey's legitimate rights in the region and provide a legal basis under international law for energy exploration activities. In addition, the thesis analyzes Turkey's diplomatic and military balancing policies developed in response to exclusionary regional alliance structures. Overall, the study concludes that Turkey's Eastern Mediterranean strategy represents a multi-layered approach that integrates the goal of energy independence with international law, diplomacy, and military power. Turkey– Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus cooperation constitutes the cornerstone of this strategy in both geopolitical and energy security terms, while Cyprus stands out as the central geopolitical element of Turkey's long-term vision in the Eastern Mediterranean.