Formal analysis of the effects of international trade on the environment in the world economy

The globalization process refers to a transformation triggered by the liberalization of the movement of goods, services and capital between countries. This process has gained further momentum with the acceleration of technological progress. Liberalization in trade in goods and services has gradually eliminated borders between countries and led to the unification of international markets. While this process, which has economic, social and environmental impacts, has provided great advantages to developed countries thanks to the wide opportunities they have, it has brought about many negativities for developing countries. However, when all these factors are put aside and the world is considered as a whole, it is seen that free trade has certain effects on the environment and the environment is affected by all stages of the supply chain. In this study, the relationship between economy and international trade and the environment was examined, and hypotheses regarding the relationship between international trade and environment were conventionally analyzed using per capita CO2 emissions and gross domestic product (GDP) data of 53 countries representing the world between 1990 and 2020. Keywords: International Trade, Environmental Economics, Ecological Economics, Sustainable Development, Natural Resource Curse