The Effects of genotype, medium and growth conditions of donor plants on the haploid production from anthers of durum wheat (triticum turgidum L.) and cytological analyses of regenerants

ABSTRACT PHJD.THESIS THE EFFECTS OF GENOTYPE, MEDIUM AND GROWTH CONDITION OF DONOR PLANTS ON THE HAPLOID PRODUCTION FROM ANTHERS OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum targidum L.) AND CYTOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF REGENERANTS Münevver DO?RAMACI-ALTUNTEPE DEPARTMENT OF FIELD CROPS INSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVA Advisers: Prof. Dr. Rüştü HATİPO?LU Prof. Dr. Prem P. JAUHAR Yean 2000, Page, 135 Jury: Prof. Dr. Rüştü HATİPO?LU Jury: Prof. Dr. Prem P. JAUHAR Jury: Prof Dr. İbrahim GENÇ Jury: Prof. Dr. Ekrem KÜN Jury: Prof. Dr. Tacettin YA?BASANLAR Anther culture is being increasingly used in cereal crop improvement bom as a source of haploids and for inducing new genetic variation. In the present study, the androgenetic ability often cultivars of durum wheat {Triticum targidum L., In = Ax = 28; AABB) has been investigated, using three different growth conditions and four media. From a total of 86,400 anthers cultured, 324 plants were obtained: 248 green and 76 albino. Genotypes, growth conditions, and media significantly affected anther response and callus production; interactions were also significant Green plant regeneration was influenced significantly by genotype and growth condition, as well as by genotype * growth condition interactions. Albino plant regeneration was affected significantly only by growth condition. Regenerants showed gametoclonal/somaclonal variation. Differences in morphology, growth habit, adult plant height, spike size, and development of spikes at the first nodes were observed. Mitotic and meiotic chromosomes were studied by conventional staining and fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization techniques. Chromosome numbers of the regenerants ranged from 14 to 70. All 76 haploid plantlets (2/i = 2x = 14; AB) were albino. Some of the 28-chromosome regenerants also were albino. Chromosome number in the green plantlets ranged from 28 to 70. Chromosome number also varied in regenerants originating from the same callus. Both intergenomic and mtragenomic multivalents were recorded. An interesting feature was die preferential multiplication of B-genome chromosomes, which formed multivalents (trivalents, quadrivalents and hexavalents). We observed several chromosomal abnormalities, which seemed to increase with the level of polyploidy. Translocations, dicentric chromosomes, chromatid breaks and exchanges, and Robertsonian translocations involving the A- and B-genome chromosomes were observed. Chromosome breakages resulting in centric and acentric fragments, as well as telocentrics were also recorded. Chromosome multiplication and structural aberrations induced during culture may constitute the bases of gametoclonal and somaclonal variations. From the results of the study, it was concluded mat to standardize the anther culture technique for durum wheat new media formulations can be examined in future experiments using the successful cultivars for green plant regeneration from this study. Key words: Triticum turgidum, Anther culture, Genotype, Medium, Growth conditions of donor plants. -I