Analysis of the effects of electric vehicle charging stations on the distribution network

In line with the growing adoption of environmentally friendly transportation and the goal of reducing fossil fuel consumption, the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is rapidly increasing. While this trend presents significant opportunities from both economic and environmental perspectives, it also necessitates substantial infrastructure adjustments in power distribution networks at the urban and regional levels. During the charging process of electric vehicles, the high power consumption and the tendency for charging to occur predominantly during certain periods can lead to sudden load surges, voltage fluctuations, and in some cases, even power outages in the distribution systems. This study has been conducted to comprehensively examine the impacts of electric vehicle charging stations on distribution networks. The main focus of the research is to investigate, through simulation analyses using PowerFactory DIgSILENT software, how different load density scenarios affect the behavior of a representative medium-voltage distribution network specific to the province of Rize. Within the scope of the simulations, various EV charging station scenarios were developed, and the effects of low, medium, and high-density charging activities on the distribution system were analyzed. The results revealed not only increased energy losses in certain areas but also voltage imbalances and risks of overloading. These findings question the adequacy of the current distribution infrastructure in responding to the growing EV demand and provide valuable insights for future planning and development.