Energy management in heating and cooling situations in electric vehicles

Traditional internal combustion engines are replaced by environmentally friendly and more efficient electric vehicles. The general structure of electric vehicles is classified as electric motor, battery, cabin, and heating-cooling system. During the travel of people with their cars, optimum comfort conditions should be provided according to seasonal conditions. Providing the comfort conditions in electric vehicles causes a decrease in the charge rate in the battery in the heating and cooling processes. Due to the driving range, the issue of energy management in electric vehicles is emerging as an important problem to be solved. In this study, an energy management model including the entire vehicle such as cabin, electric motors, battery block, heating-cooling system elements on electric vehicles was prepared and the heating and cooling process for electric vehicles was examined under different working conditions. The model includes a heat pump for heating and cooling, as well as a PTC heater to be used when needed. In line with the cabin temperature target, which was determined by considering the comfort conditions, the heating and cooling process was managed. In the heating-cooling process in the electric vehicle, the energy consumption of each of the system elements separately and the energy consumption of the whole system were examined. Under different road operating conditions, the temperature in the cabin over time, instantaneous power and cumulative energy consumption were calculated. The effect of heating and cooling processes on energy consumption, charge rate and range were examined and interpreted.