Investigation on the landscape design of Endulusian and Ottoman gardens

The garden played a great rule in the daily life of Islamic societies, especially in the Endülüsian and Ottoman periods it was Designed as a multipurpose Private outdoor space for everyday family activity, In addition, garden design and architectural elements in the Islamic Period carry many symbolic meanings of many architects. and Historians like describe it as "Paradise on Earth ". The Andalusian Period gardens architectural design were desinged in a way that is not stranger to us. The same features as the garden design and geometric structure of the Islamic civilizations were shown and the construction took 250 years. The garden was created with a piece of thought from heaven that gives them peace of mind. Most of the researches on the garden in Ottoman societies took the Historical Architectural description method for one or more of study cases, even it was Mentioned by part of the researchers, the Symbolic aspects of the garden Design and it is roots have not been researched specially the main aspect of Privacy, that played the greatest rule in their design. The Ottoman garden design theory is still fragmented & not clear & even Claimed by some researchers to be stolen by earlier civilizations, exemplified By the Persian & the Roman claims, this research will use the Comparative Study method including an analytical historical study for different study cases, trying to reach & list the basis of Ottoman garden theory, its roots, the main Aspects & the historical evolution of those garden and the transformations on its Structure during the last era. In this research, it is explained how and how the garden of Al-Hamra palace and the Ottoman period Dolmabahçe palace garden was made with respect to garden landscape design elements and principles in comparison with the Endülüsian period. Keyword: The Endülüsian period, The Ottoman Gardens, El-Hamra Palace, Historic Garden, The Dolmabahce Palace