Determination of promising genotypes in industrial hemp (cannabis sativa var. sativa L) by mutation breeding method

This study was carried out in Yozgat conditions in 2023-2024 to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic variation of mutant hemp lines and to identify promising lines in terms of yield and quality. In the first year of the study, three different hemp genotypes (Finola, Fedora-17, and Narlısaray) were treated with different doses (0, 150, 250, 350, and 450 Gy) of mutagen, and the M 1 generation was cultivated. In the second year of the study, a total of 295 mutant M 2 lines were examined for yield and yield-related parameters. Both of the years, emergence rate (%), plant height (cm), technical stem length (cm), cola length (cm), cola structure (range 1-5), stem diameter (mm), number of nodes (number), biomass yield (kg/da), dry stem yield (kg/da), seed yield (kg/da), thousand seed weight (g), fiber yield (kg/da), and fiber percentage (%) were investigated. Emergence rate of M 2 generation varied between 6.33-79.44%, plant height between 63.60-244.13 cm, technical stem length between 51.32-200.26 cm, cola length between 5.01-46.71 cm, cola structure between 1.21-4.01 (1-5), stem diameter between 3.28-13.51 mm, number of nodes between 3.98- 13.51, biomass yield between 2610.83-55110.83 kg/ha, dry stem yield between -130.44- 24480.56 kg/ha, seed yield between 110.89-3710.89 kg/ha, thousand seed weight between 10.01-23.67 g, fiber yield between -0.09-5580.47 kg/ha and fiber ratio between 18.16- 41.50%. A significant variation was identified among the 295 mutant lines comprising the M 2 generation. In this regard, lines that stand out in terms of both seed and fiber characteristics were identified. Furthermore, lines with superior seed and fiber characteristics were identified, as they facilitate dual-purpose production. It is believed that these lines should be examined in future generations.