The projecti̇ve dimensions of universal modules

The purpose of the thesis is to research the projective dimensions of universal modules. The first chapter indicates history, progress and importance of universal modules. In the next chapters we introduce description, feature and the base of theorems of universal modules researching description, feature and base of theorems of modules. In the last chapter, in order to calculate projective dimensions of universal modules, necessary descriptions and theorems researched and examples are given. Furthermore, some description and theorems are given about projective dimensions of universal modules at hypersurfaces. Finally, connections between universal modules are indicated with theorems and examples.