A comparative analysis of types reflecting society's collective subconscious in Fakir Baykurt's novels

In this study, the old sage type, which is the reason for writing the fourteen novels of Fakir Baykurt, one of the well-known authors of Turkish literature in the Republican Period, and has parallel features with C. Jung's "old sage archetype", has been examined in terms of its ability to direct the collective subconscious in the villages. Elderly sages, who are both the leader, spokesman and mentor of the villagers, who are mostly on the defeated side, in the conflict scheme in which the powers such as the oppressor-oppressed, the rich-poor, the ruler-administered are unequal at the basis of the novels, in the framework of Baykurt's ideology, undertakes the spokesman for the novel by hosting social messages for the reader. On the other hand, the places where the old sages reside, namely the villages where life is almost entirely dependent on the land, and the cities transformed by industrialization and modernism, have many positive and negative effects on their authorities. In the first part of the study, which consists of three main parts and results, the historical development of the novel genre in European and Turkish literature, the reflections of the socialist realist understanding in Turkish literature, the Republican bureaucracy's search for a solution to the "peasant problem" in the country, The village novel which was created by the Village Institutes and the writers, who graduated from the Institute, by bringing a new understanding of realism to literature, were interpreted by relating to each other. In the second part, Fakir Baykurt's life, the characters of the novel genre, Baykurt's novels and the development of the wise characters in these novels are examined in order to better position the function and importance of the type in the novel. In the third part, a comparison was made between the old sages, and the authority they had over the social environment and relations in the village and the influence of this authority differing according to the changing places were tried to be revealed with all their differences. Keywords: Fakir Baykurt, old sage type, village novel, collective subconscious.