Investigation of shyness levels and anger expression styles of university students with different gender roles

This research was carried out to investigate anger expression styles and shyness levels of university students according to their gender roles. It was examined whether anger expression styles and shyness levels of university students having different gender roles differ and genders make significant contributions on the differentiation of anger expression styles and shyness levels. 11629 university students attending to the Faculties of Pharmacy, Humanities, Education, Science, Fine Arts, Law, Economics and Administrative Sciences and Communication Sciences, that give formal education, in 2006-2007 academic year comprises population. Data was collected from 1389 students who were assigned to sample by means of stratified random sampling but 1045 participants that refer to 9% of the population were included. Data related to university students? gender roles was collected by ?Bem Sex Role Inventory? adapted to Turkish population by Kavuncu (1987); ?Anger Expression Scale? adapted to Turkish population by Özer (1994) was utilized to determine anger expression style levels and ?Shyness Scale? adapted to Turkish population by Güngör (20001) was used for determination of shyness levels of university students. Data about age and sex of students was collected by means of ?Personal Information Form? prepared by the researcher. Data analysis was carried out by means of ?SPSS 10.0.0 for Windows?. In data analysis, in addition to descriptive statistics, t-test and variance analysis were conducted. In analysis, to determine the homogeneity of variances firstly Levene Test was applied. If variances were homogenous, variance analysis was used, if they are not, Kruskal Wallis Test one of nonparametric tests was utilized. When results of variance analysis were found significant, to specify a source of differences resulting from comparisons between groups Tukey HSD was used. If the result of Kruskal Wallis Test was found significant, to determine a source of difference Mann-Whitney U Test was applied for all two way comparisons. Statistical analysis indicated that university students have approximate ratios in terms of gender roles and when gender roles were examined in terms of gender, it was found that most of males are masculine and most of females are feminine. Most of the research participants internalized and externalized levels were low, but anger control levels were found to be higher. Moreover 75% of participants? shyness levels were lower than moderate level, 25% of participants? shyness levels were higher than moderate level. As a result it can be stated that most of the participants? shyness levels were below the moderate level. According to gender roles, no significant difference was found among internalized anger levels of participants according to gender roles. It was also ascertained that externalized anger levels of university students having masculine, androgynous, and undifferentiated gender roles were significantly higher than that of those having feminine gender roles. In addition, externalized anger levels of participants having masculine gender roles were found to be significantly higher than that of those having androgynous gender roles. On the other hand, anger control levels of students having androgynous gender roles were significantly higher than that of those having masculine and undifferentiated gender roles. Anger control levels of students having feminine gender roles were significantly higher than that of those having undifferentiated gender role. According to gender roles, shyness levels of the participants having masculine gender roles were lower than that of those both having feminine and undifferentiated gender roles. Shyness levels of those having androgynous gender role were found to be lower than that of those both having feminine and undifferentiated gender roles. It was indicated that neither main effect nor interaction effects among gender and gender role on the internalized anger levels were significant. Gender has a significant main effect on the externalized anger levels of university students. At the same time, interaction among gender and gender role has significant effect on the externalized anger levels of university students. Main effect of gender on anger control levels was found significant, but no significant interaction effect among gender and gender role was obtained on anger control levels. On the other hand, it was indicated that gender, have significant main effects on the shyness levels of university students. However, interaction effects among gender and gender roles were not found significant.