The effect of roof type on building energy performance for different climate regions

Today, due to the rapid increase in the world population, the need for energy has increased and existing resources have approached to levels that cannot meet this consumption. It is known that 30-40% of the energy used in the world is consumed in buildings. Due to the fact that most of this energy is obtained from fossil sources, it is seen that the pollutant gases released into the atmosphere and the urban heat island effect that cities face recently have increased. There are some sustainable practices carried out at the building scale to minimize these problems. Roofs are the most important building components that protect buildings from external environmental conditions, and they also have a great impact on energy losses and gains in buildings. For this reason, it is extremely important to design and implement roofs by considering climatic conditions in order to use energy effectively in buildings. In this study, 5 different provinces (Hatay, Bursa, Elazığ, Sivas, Kars) were selected from 5 different degree day regions in Turkey and the effects of different roof types (hip, gable, terrace) on heating and cooling loads were examined. In this context, scenarios of a building sample with different roof types were produced for each province and the thermal loads of these scenarios were determined by simulation. Building heating and cooling energy needs are determined by DesignBuilder software. The changes in the heating and cooling loads by changing the roof slope and type are shown with calculations. In conclusion; It was seen that among the sample scenarios, the ones with the lowest energy requirement were the ones with hipped roofs, followed by the examples with gable and terrace roofs. According to TS 825 Standard of Thermal Insulation Rules in Buildings according to different degree day zones, Hatay province, located in the 1st region, has the lowest heating load in all roof types, and this value is 110% on average, compared to Bursa, Elazığ, Sivas and Kars provinces, respectively. It was determined that it decreased by 220, 280% and 470%. In Kars, where the cooling loads have the lowest values among the alternatives, it has been determined that the cooling need is 580% less than Hatay, 270% less than Bursa, 260% less than Elazig and 60% less than Sivas, although it varies depending on different roof types.