Effect of magnetic field on mycelium of oster mushrooms and determination of yield and some physico-chemical properties of these mushrooms grown in different compost types

This study consist of two different research topcics. In the first part, the effect of different degrees of magnetic fields and different exposure periods on the growth of mycelium of P. ostreatus , P. eryngii, P. citrinopileatus and P. pulmonarius were investigated. For this purpose, PDA medium was prepared and poured into Petri dishes by 25 ml / dish and then inoculated by mycelium of fungus loaded on wheat grains then exposed to different magnetic fields (0, 2, 25. 50 and 100 mT) and different periods of time (5, 15 and 30 minutes) with 5 replicates per treatment. The petri dishes were left under room conditions in laboratory and mycelium growth was measured once in a two days for 20 days period. Obtained results were analyzed using SPSS25 statistic program. Anova test showed significant differences in the growth of fungi affected by the magnetic field and exposure period. The best growth of all fungi was obtained at 100mT magnetic field and 30 min. exposure time. P. pulmonarius was superior to the rest of the fungi at the same intensity magnetic field and exposure period. In the measurements taken without magnetic field application, the best mycelial growth was P. pulmonarius and the least mycelial growth was observed in P. ostreatus. In the second part of the study, the effects of composts on the development, biological efficiency and some physico-chemical properties of fungi were tested. 4 different types of mushrooms mentioned above cultivated on 8 different plant residues including cotton 100% , cotton %80 + wheat bran %20 , oak sawdust %80 + wheat bran %20, hay %80 + wheat bran %20 , poplar sawdust %80+wheat bran %20, cotton%60 + oak sawdust %30 + wheat bran %10, cotton %60 + hay %30 + wheat bran %10 and cotton %60 + poplar sawdust %30 + wheat bran %10. The results showed significant differences in the number of days required for mycelium to colonize hole the substrate, the number of days required for the formation of heads, the number of days to obtain the first harvest, the harvest period, total production, biological efficiency, protein content, and mineral content in the four studied fungi influenced by the type of substrate used. The results obtained in the second part of the study: 1) The activity of antioxidants in fungi was determined to be affected by the increasing concentration according to the type of substrate used.2)It reached highest inhibition value %84 at 3.33 mg / ml concentration in P ostrearus grown on %80 oak sawdust + % 20 wheat bran substrate. 3) Inhibition at P eryngii grown in 80% cotton + 20% wheat bran compost at the same concentration was 80.37%, inhibiton at P. citrinopileatus grown on %60 cotton + %30 poplar + %10 wheat bran compost was 81.93% and finally inhibition rate of P. pulmonaryarius grown on %60 cotton + %30 poplar sawdust + %10 wheat in the same concentration found the same result %81,93. There are significant differences in total phenol content of fungi due to the effected by compost type. The best total phenol content in P. ostreatus grown at 80% wheat straw + 20% wheat bran was determined as 71.3 mgGAE / g. Highest total phenol content in all types of mushrooms and compost types was observed at P. citrinopileatus in 100% cotton compost with 92.26 mg GAE/g. Finally, the total phenols of P. pulmonarius growing on the %80 poplar sawdust + 20% wheat bran was 50,43 mgGAE/gr, which is the lowest in all fungi and compost in this study.