Investigations on the chemical structure of wood and bark of naturally growi̇ng beech (Fagus orientalis L.) tree different regi̇ons

In this thesis changes in the chemical structure of beech wood and the bark naturally grown in Turkey's Kahramanmaraş and Bartın provinces has been studied. Because of having a wide distribution area, the beech has been the subject of several investigations. However, there is no study on the comparison of the chemical structure of beech growing in two different regions. In this study, a literature was created by revealing the chemical structure and a source was used to determine the usage of beech wood in different areas. In order to determine the amount of lipophilic substance after extraction of hexane, Kahramanmaraş and Bartın beech wood and bark samples were analyzed in GC and GC-MS. As a result of the analyzes, the highest amount of N-Ethylacetamide (44.86%) was found to be the lowest amount of 4-Methyl-2,4-bis(4'-trimethylsilyloxyphenyl)pentene-1 (% 3,05) in the Kahramanmaraş wood sample. In the Kahramanmaraş bark sample, the highest amount was found to be N-Ethylacetamide (27.41%) and the lowest amount was 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (2.50%). The highest amount of Hexadecamethylheptasiloxane (49.70%) in Bartin wood sample was obtained as the lowest amount Tetrahydrogeranyl butyrate (0.78%). In the Bartın bark sample, the highest amount was 8-hexadecenal (71.18%) and the lowest amount was 3-decyn-2-ol (2.47%). For the determination of the amount of hydrophilic substance after acetone water extraction, Kahramanmaraş and Bartın wood and bark samples were analyzed in GC-MS. As a result of the analyzes, the highest amount of acetone extract was 2-keto-d-gluconic acid (20.71%) in Kahramanmaraş wood sample and the lowest amount was 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyltrisiloxane (0.34%). The highest amount was observed in 2-Methyl-4-Keto-Pentan-2-ol (33.53%) while the lowest amount was cyclooctene (0.73%) in the Kahramanmaraş bark. In the Bartın wood sample, the highest amount was Docosenoic acid (14.30%) whereas the lowest amount was Dodecamethylpentasiloxane (0.81%). The lowest amount was found to be 2-pentadecyn-2-ol (0.51%) while the highest amount was d-turanose (14.18%) in the Bartın bark. In addition to, the extractive structure of wood and bark, the overall chemical structure of the wood and bark are also studied in this study. The results of holosellulose, α-cellulose, lignin, 1% NaOH and hot water solubility were found to be almost similar to the chemical analyzes of wood and bark. In the wood and bark samples of Kahramanmaraş and Bartın, the hexane solubility obtained by gravimetric methods, respectively, were calculated as 0.70 mg/g, 4.52 mg/g; 1.90 mg/g, 4.21 mg/g, acetone: water solubility test results 12.62 mg/g, 19.07 mg/g; 14.57mg/g, 50.61mg/g. Holocellulose results obtained from Kahramanmaraş and Bartın wood and bark samples were respectively 85.34%, 77.88%; 85.80%, 77.65%, α-cellulose results 52.44%, 59.52%; 51.29%, 61.64%, lignin results 17.20%, 31.75; 20.54%, 34.58%. At the end of the study, total amount of suberin was obtained as 13,34 mg/g in Kahramanmaraş bark sample and 37,50 mg/g in Bartın. In addition, as a result of the analysis of suberin, the highest amount in the Kahramanmaraş bark sample was N-Ethylacetamide(7.358 mg/g) while the Bartın sample was Acid 9,12-18:2 (6.125 mg/g) was determined.