The effect of biostimulants on grain yield and some agricultural properties in bean

This study was conducted in Konya during the 2023 and 2024 growing seasons and aimed to evaluate the effects of single and combined applications of Tytanit and Optymus biostimulants on the grain yield and certain agronomic traits of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. The primary objective of the study was to identify the genotypes that respond best to biostimulants and to demonstrate the potential of these applications for sustainable production. The research was conducted in a split-plot design with randomized blocks, repeated three times. Three genotypes, PV4GYK, PV12ALB, and PV12AKM, and the biostimulants Tytanit® and Optymus® were used. The study evaluated the effects of Tytanit and Optymus biostimulants on three bean genotypes in 2023 and 2024. No statistically significant effect of the applications was observed on the number of branches. Plant height showed high sensitivity, especially to combined doses, in the PV4GYK and PV12AKM genotypes, with the PV12AKM genotype reaching the highest value of 92.66 cm in 2024. The highest pod number was observed in the PV12AKM genotype (45.74 pods) in 2023, while the highest seed number per pod was recorded in the PV4GYK genotype in 2023 and the PV12ALB genotype in 2024. The PV4GYK genotype, weighing 100 grains, was the largest grain material in both years, with an average of approximately 42 g. In terms of grain yield, in 2023, the PV12AKM genotype achieved a yield of 339.41 kg da-1 with a combination of 75 ml da-1 Tytanit + 75 ml da-1 Optymus, while PV4GYK achieved a yield of 277.30 kg da-1 with a dose of 25 ml da-1 Tytanit in the same year. In 2024, the PV4GYK genotype yielded the highest amount, averaging 262.80 kg da-1. The highest protein yield was recorded in the PV12AKM genotype at 95.68 kg da-1 in 2024. Genotype × dose interactions revealed that the response to biostimulants is genotype-specific. The results indicate that appropriate dose and genotype combinations can be effective in increasing yield and quality.