Factors affecting the establishment of the Fatimid State and the period of the Fatimid Caliph al-Mahdi (184-296/909-934)

Throughout history, religious events have affected the politics of societies and states. This interaction has a great impact on shaping the social structure. During the establishment of the Fatimid State, Hz. The issue of caliphate and imamate, which emerged after the death of Muhammad, has an important place among Muslims and serious debates have arisen on it. Hz. Kharijites, which emerged after the murder of Osman, the Cemel Incident, the War of Siffin and the Hakem Incident, and the development of Kharijites and their division into sects were mentioned. The Shiites' views on the fact that the caliphate was their right and their organization into groups, believing that the deceased caliph would return as Mahdi, contributed to the establishment of the Fatimid State. In this study, they tried to make people accept the developments that took place before the establishment of the Fatimid State and the fact that the caliphate was their right, through the dais they sent. Ubeydullah al-Mahdi, the first caliph of the Fatimid State, was hidden in Syria. Da'i Abdullah al-Shi'i openly declared that his duty was on behalf of the caliph. He captured the Aglebi State and established the palace in Raqqada. After a long journey disguised as a merchant, Mahdi came to the palace prepared for him. He suppressed the uprisings against the new administration. After taking the entire Maghreb under its sovereignty, its main goal was to dominate all regions. It had two important states in terms of its location. There were Abbasids in the east and Andalusian Umayyads in the west. Political and military struggles took place with them.