The effect of pranayama and diaphragmatic breathing exercise on sleep quality, pain and fatigue level in female patients diagnosed with Fibromyalgia

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the effect of pranayama and diaphragm breathing exercises applied to female patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia on sleep quality, pain and fatigue levels. Material and Method: This study, designed as a randomized controlled and experimental study, was conducted between November 2022 and June 2023. The data of the study consisted of 100 female patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia: 32 in the pranayama group, 33 in the diaphragm breathing exercise group and 35 in the control group. As data collection tools; Patient Information Form, Visual Analog Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale were used. During the study, the control group received routine treatment, while the two groups in the intervention group received the following training given by the researcher; They were asked to do pranayama and diaphragm breathing exercise 3 sets a day (morning-afternoon-evening), 7 days a week for 6 weeks. At the end of this process, sleep quality, pain and fatigue levels of three groups were evaluated again. Results: It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference between the initial pain and sleep quality total scores of three groups (p>0.05), there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of pain, fatigue and sleep quality scores after the application (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that breathing exercises reduced the patients' pain and fatigue levels and improved their sleep quality. Keywords: Pain, diaphragmatic breathing, fibromyalgia, pranayama, sleep quality, fatigue