The role of microRNAs in FMF disease

The aim of this study is to investigate the expression levels of three different miRNAs (hsa-miR-335-5p, hsa-miR-26b-5p, and hsa-miR-16-5p) selected based on literature review, as well as the quantity of IL-36Ra protein in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), and to compare the results with those from a healthy control group. The study included 40 patients diagnosed with Familial Mediterranean Fever and 45 healthy controls, who applied to the Balıkesir University Genetic Disorders Evaluation Center between January 2021 and June 2024. Blood samples were obtained from the Genetic Disorders Evaluation Center at Balıkesir University. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki at the Medical Biology Laboratory of Balıkesir University. miRNA expression levels were measured using the qPCR method, while protein levels were assessed using the ELISA method. The study findings revealed a significant increase in the expression level of hsa-miR-16-5p in FMF patients, while the expression levels of hsa-miR-335-5p and hsa-miR-26b-5p were significantly decreased. Additionally, IL-36Ra protein levels were found to be elevated. The results suggest that hsa-miR-335-5p, hsa-miR-26b-5p, hsa-miR-16-5p miRNAs and IL-36Ra protein may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Familial Mediterranean Fever.