Analyzing the integration of photovoltaic energy systems into the electricity distribution network

During the design process of electrical distribution systems, it is important to carefully consider the potential problems and operational challenges that may arise from integrating photovoltaic (PV) systems into the distribution grid. It is necessary to establish mandatory regulations and develop comprehensive plans to ensure the reliable operation of the electricity distribution network. By integrating PV energy systems into the distribution network, voltage regulation, harmonic problems, changes in the maintenance and operation grounding structure, increase in instantaneous short circuit current values, behavior during or after the fault, and the reactions of the distribution network to voltage and frequency fluctuations are included. In addition, the characteristics of the generators, static loads and the requirements of the consumers affect the characteristics of the distribution network. In this context, in this thesis study, the integration of a PV power plant into the distribution network and the effects of load flow analysis, short circuit current, relay coordination control and PV-based converter and/or static load harmonics were investigated and examined. With relay coordination control, the power is cut off from the place closest to the fault current, and the fault area is protected without the power outage being felt at many points. Overcurrent is prevented by relay coordination control against short circuit fault current, and in case the fault current continues, the power of the network is cut off with a breaker. In addition, by integrating energy storage units into the system, the excess power produced by the PV energy system is transferred to the batteries, thus ensuring load flow balance, overcoming the limitations of solar energy, increasing grid stability and optimizing energy use, and providing sustainable energy. In addition, harmonics caused by static loads and PV energy systems were analyzed and reduced according to IEEE-519 standards. The integration of the PV power plant into the electricity distribution network was examined and analyzed in the ETAP software program environment.