The concept of "Parrhesia" in Foucault's ethics

The main purpose of the present study is to examine the diachronic changes caused by the Parrhesia concept, which first appeared in Euripides' texts, on Foucault's conceptualization of truth-telling in particular. Parrhesia is a concept that emphasizes the necessity of displaying the courage for truth-telling by expressing the need for a person to know the truth about himself or herself in order to know the truth. Within the framework of the Parrhesia concept, the conceptual and semantic analysis of Parrhesia was carried out on the basis of the Ancient Greek philosophers in order to detail all the contact lines of Foucault's ethical understanding. In the first part, we explain Foucault's works Truth-Telling and the Courage of Truth, highlighting the knowledge of truth and the characteristics of the truth speaker. In this part containing a conceptual and semantic analysis of the Parrhesia paradigm, we exemplify Socrates as an example of parrhesiastes within the scope of Foucault's approach. Through the example of Socrates, we examine the risks that a Parrhesiastes may face. Based on The Apology of Socrates, we present Socrates, shown as an example of Parrhesiastes in ancient Greek philosophy, with a broad perspective on why he refused to be active in politics, or what risks might have been if he had been active in politics. The study aims to discuss the indicators of political parrhesia from a Foucauldian point of view. The second part is about a statement of Parrhesia on the ethical level, and we tried to establish a relationship between askesis and ascetic practices, which are a practice of truth, with Parrhesia. In the study, the correct life philosophy of the Cynics and Foucault's Parrhesia perspective which he explained through the Cynics illuminated the subject.