The relationship between income inequality and sustainable development: A theoretical study

Income inequality is recognized as one of the most significant obstacles to achieving sustainable development goals. Indeed, the inequitable distribution of income adversely affects not only economic sustainability but also social and environmental sustainability. In this context, reducing income inequality is essential for societies to achieve a socially sustainable structure. It is observed that in societies with more equitable income distribution, individuals are more sensitive to each other and the environment. Therefore, identifying the factors that create income inequality and analyzing their impact on sustainable development is crucial for achieving sustainable development goals. The primary aim of this study is to identify the factors that determine income inequality in order to achieve sustainable development goals and build more livable societies. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts selected using a non-probability purposive sampling method. The data obtained were evaluated using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis to understand the relationship between income inequality and sustainable development. As a result of the study, a SWOT matrix was created, and potential solutions and policy recommendations were developed based on the findings obtained from expert opinions regarding income inequality and social sustainability. These recommendations include strategies to reduce income inequality and policy suggestions that will contribute to achieving sustainable development goals.