The effect of gentamicin on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in rats and determination of the protective role of Tarantula cubensis alcholic extract

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of gentamicin on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system when used at the normal therapeutic dose and duration and to determine the protective role of alcoholic extract of Tarantula Cubensis spider against these effects. Gentamicin is an antibiotic preferred in clinical practice due to its rapid bactericidal effects and chemical stability for the treatment of diseases caused by gram-negative diseases, along with the use of gram-positive effects. Gentamicin is currently nephrotoxic at high doses and is responsible for 10-20% of acute renal care. As a homeopathic medicine, alcoholic extract of Tarantula Cubensis spider is licensed in the veterinary field and isa drug with resolutative, antiphlogistic, demarcation and regeneration effect in many animal species inflammatory nail diseases (panarice, foot rot), septic conditions, phlegmons, purulent lesions and purulent necrosis cases, ulcers, dermatitis, boils and sustainable necrotic and proliferative tissues.In this study, 32 rats were divided into 4 groups. The control group was given 0.5 ml isotonic NaCl intraperitoneally for 7 days; the gentamicin group was given 5 mg/kg gentamicin intraperitoneally twice a day on the first day and once a day on other days for 7 days; the Tarantula Cubensis alcoholic extract group was given 200 µl/kg/day Tarantula Cubensis alcoholic extract subcutaneously on days 1 and 4; the gentamicin + Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract group was given 5 mg/kg gentamicin intraperitoneally twice a day on the first day and once a day on other days for 7 days; and 200 µl/kg/day Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract subcutaneously on days 1 and 4. Renin, ANG I, ANG II, ACE, ATR1 and aldosterone levels in serum samples and kidney tissues taken from rats were measured using commercial ELISA test kits. According to the findings obtained as a result of this study, while the administration of gentamicin to rats at normal therapeutic dose did not cause any statistical changes in the levels of renin, ANGII, ACE and ATR1 in kidney tissue and blood, it significantly decreased the level of aldosterone in kidney tissue and increased the level of aldosterone in blood. In addition, it increased the level of ANGI in blood. On the other hand, TCAE administration provided that the findings of gentamicin reached levels close to control in all the parameters examined. In conclusion, it was determined that gentamicin used at normal therapeutic dose in this study changed the levels of aldosterone and ANGI in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, but these effects could be partially prevented by TCAE administration, therefore TCAE had a protective effect in gentamicin induced kidney toxicity. In addition, as a result of this study, it was determined that while gentamicin has an effect on aldosterone synthesized in the adrenal gland, it has no effect on renin synthesized in the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney, thus the application of gentamicin at normal therapeutic doses causes damage to the kidney, especially the adrenal cortex. Key Words: Gentamicin, Hormone, Tarantula Cubensis.