Investigation of the expression levels of mir7-5p, mir16-5p, miR142-3p, mir144-3p, mir222-3p and miR409-3p in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); It is a glucose intolerance picture that first starts or is noticed during pregnancy. Although GDM disappears after delivery, pregnant women are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within 5-10 years after delivery. Babies of mothers with GDM develop glucose intolerance, obesity, and insulin resistance. The risk of preterm birth, perinatal mortality, fetal macrosomia, polycythemia, jaundice, hydroamnios, cardiomyopathy, hypoglycemia in the first trimester and hyperglycemia in the second half of pregnancy increase in GDM. When the placenta, which regulates the metabolic activity between the mother and the fetus, is exposed to intrauterine conditions that adversely affect placental and fetal development, it is seen that it causes the development of GDM, and even some anatomical and physiological changes occur in the placenta. In recent years, it has been emphasized that epigenetics may be an important molecular basis of unbalanced nutrition of the fetus and glucose metabolism disorders. Basic mechanism; It is established that nutrition can regulate epigenetic modifications of some genes related to fetal development and metabolism. Increasing number of births, advanced maternal age, history of diabetes, obesity, overweight, and body mass index (BMI) above the standard are significant criteria that increase the risk of gestational diabetes. miRNAs are short, highly conserved, non-coding RNA molecules about 22 nucleotides long. They were first identified in Caenorhabditis elegans in 1993 and have emerged as potent epigenetic mediators of various biological processes, including development, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and metabolism. To date, more than 2,500 miRNAs have been identified in humans that regulate ~ 60% of the genes in the genome. miRNAs regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional mechanisms, either by binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of messenger RNA (mRNA) and inducing degradation or through translational repression of the mRNA transcript. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested an important role for the circulation of miRNAs in cell-to-cell communication and suggested that these extracellular miRNAs may likewise regulate biological processes. Dysregulated expression of miRNAs is associated with the development of metabolic diseases and conditions such as cancer, obesity, T2DM, and cardiovascular disease. In our thesis study, which we planned in line with this information; miR 7-5p, miR 16-5p, miR142-3p, miR144-3p, miR222-3p and miR409-3p expression levels in patients diagnosed with GDM it was aimed to investigate the phenotype-genotype relationship by comparing pregnant women who were not diagnosed with GDM.