Effect of agricultural practices on pistachio cultivation of the Southeastern Anatolia region in terms of the physical, chemical components of the soil and distributi on of Bacillus spp.

The Southeastern Anatolia Region pistachio orchards and the border area that has been mined for many years have been determined as the study area. Soil samples were taken from mined areas (Area I), pistachio gardens (Area II) where natural cultivation is carried out, and areas where cultural practices (pesticide application, fertilization and soil cultivation) (Area III) were taken and compared in terms of physical, chemical, biological and heavy metal contents. According to the results of the research, the soils were found to be clay, clay loam, silty loam, sandy clay loam and loam, slightly alkali and limy. It has been determined that soil samples are salt-free, organic matter and total N are insufficient, K and Mg content is high and heavy metal Pb content is toxic. It was determined that there is a significant (p<0.05) difference between the regions in terms of the total number of aerobic mesophilic live bacteria. It was determined that MH323438 (B4) was the strain having the highest antagonistic effect against Alternaria sp., A. flavus, P. pistacina and Septoria sp. It has been determined that the physical and chemical variables of the soil play an important role in the distribution of the Bacillus taxon and especially soil Mn, Zn and pH values have an important effect on the Bacillus distribution.