حديث الولد للفراش روايةً وفقهاً

This research aims to examine the Prophet's hadith: "The child is to be attributed to the bed and the adulterer deserves nothing" in a comprehensive manner, integrating both the narrational and jurisprudential aspects. This hadith holds a central position in the chapters of lineage and family rules. The study addresses the various transmission routes and textual forms of the hadith in the books of Sunnah, starting with the two Sahihs, followed by the four Sunan collections, and then the Musannafs and Musnads, in addition to analyzing wording of the hadith, studying the verbal differences among the narrations, and clarifying the unique aspects of each narration. Additionally, the transmission routes are classified according to the narrating Companions, the degree of authenticity and the Imams rulings are clarified, and its position in the Sunnah as well as its reliance by jurists in lineage matters is demonstrated. From the jurisprudential aspect, the research addressed the rules upon which the establishment of lineage is based and the methods of proving it by jurists, such as cohabitation, acknowledgment, and Physiognomy, with discussing their contemporary counterpart which is genetic testing and clarifying its validity to prove or deny lineage according to Shariah principles. The study also clarified the rulings concerning children born out of wedlock, the jurists' positions regarding attributing them to the adulterer in the absence of cohabitation, in addition to researching the impact of divorce on establishing lineage, and clarifying the minimum and maximum waiting periods according to Islamic Jurists, and the rulings that result from that. The study concludes that the hadith "The child is to be attributed to the bed" constitutes a foundational principle in lineage, that preserving lineage is an absolute objective in Shariah, and that the rules of cohabitation remain the primary Shariah basis for establishing lineage.